Hosting a Static Website Google Cloud

Author avatar wrote on 13/02/2019

Hosting a Static Website Google Cloud

This tutorial describes how to configure a Cloud Storage bucket to host a static website for a domain you own. Static web pages can contain client-side technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. They cannot contain dynamic content such as server-side scripts like PHP. For more information on static web pages, such as examples and tips, see the Static Website page.

In this tutorial you will:

  • Point your domain to Cloud Storage by using a CNAME record.
  • Create a bucket that is linked to your domain.
  • Upload and share your site’s files.
  • Test the website.

Before you begin

  1. Select or create a GCP project.

Go to the Manage resources page

  1. Make sure that billing is enabled for your project.

Learn how to enable billing

  1. Have a domain that you own or manage. If you don’t have an existing domain, there are many services through which can you can register a new domain, such as Google Domains.

This tutorial uses the domain example.com.

  1. Verify that you own or manage the domain that you will be using. Make sure you are verifying the top-level domain, such as example.com, and not a subdomain, such as www.example.com.

Note: If you own the domain you are associating to a bucket, you might have already performed this step in the past. If you purchased your domain through Google Domains, verification is automatic.

Note: verify using text if you do not have Google webmaster account or no hosting plan

Creating a CNAME record

A CNAME record is a type of DNS record. It directs traffic that requests a URL from your domain to the resources you want to serve, in this case objects in your Cloud Storage buckets. For www.example.com, the CNAME record might contain the following information:

NAME:     www.example.com

TYPE:     CNAME   

DATA:     c.storage.googleapis.com

For more information about CNAME redirects, see URI for CNAME aliasing.

To connect your domain to Cloud Storage:

  1. Create a CNAME record that points to c.storage.googleapis.com.

Your domain registration service should have a way for you to administer your domain, including adding a CNAME record. For example, if you use Google Domains, instructions for adding resource records such as CNAME can be found on the Google Domains Help page, in the Resource records drop-down section.

Note: Depending on your domain registration service, you may only be able to use CNAME records to map to subdomains, such as www.example.com or myblog.example.com, and not directly to the root domain, example.com.

Creating a bucket

Create a bucket whose name matches the CNAME you created for your domain.

For example, if you added a CNAME record pointing www.example.com to c.storage.googleapis.com., then create a bucket with the name “www.example.com”.

To create a bucket:

Using Console

  1. Open the Cloud Storage browser in the Google Cloud Platform Console.
    Open the Cloud Storage browser
  2. In the list of buckets, click on the name of the bucket that you created.
  3. Click the Upload files button in the Objects tab.
  4. In the file dialog, browse to the desired file and select it.

After the upload completes, you should see the file name, size, type, and last modified date in the bucket.

For example, a bucket with two files index.html and 404.html appears in the GCP Console as:

bucket with two files

Using gsutil

Use the gsutil cp command to copy files to your bucket. For example, to copy the file index.html from its current location Desktop:

gsutil cp Desktop/index.html gs://www.example.com

If successful, the command returns:

Copying file://Desktop/index.html [Content-Type=text/html]…

Uploading  gs://www.example.com/index.html: 0 B/2.58 KiB

Uploading gs://www.example.com/index.html:  2.58 KiB/2.58 KiB

Note: If you are migrating an existing website, or copying a large number of files, use gsutil rsync to move your content. You can use the -R option to recursively copy directory trees. For example, to synchronize a local directory named local-dir with a bucket, use:

gsutil rsync -R local-dir gs://www.example.com

1- Sharing your files

You can either make all files in your bucket publicly accessible, or you can set individual objects to be accessible through your website. Generally, making all files in your bucket accessible is easier and faster.

If you choose to control the accessibility of individual files, you can set the default object ACL for your bucket so that subsequent files uploaded to your bucket are shared by default.

Setting MainPageSuffix and NotFoundPage

Console

  1. Open the Cloud Storage browser in the Google Cloud Platform Console.
    Open the Cloud Storage browser
  2. In the list of buckets, find the bucket you created.
  1. Click the more actions icon icon next to the bucket and select Edit website configuration.

Note: This option is only available for buckets whose name matches a valid website pattern.

  1. In the Configure website dialog, specify the Main Page and the 404 (Not Found) Page.
  2. Click Save.

Note: View, change, or remove these settings from the Edit website configuration menu.

gsutil

Use the gsutil web set command to set the MainPageSuffix property with the -m flag and the NotFoundPage with the -e flag:

gsutil web set -m index.html -e 404.html gs://www.example.com

If successful, the command returns:

Setting website config on gs://www.example.com/…

Note: Change or remove these settings with additional gsutil web set commands and view these settings with the gsutil web get command.

Note:

In consul you cannot make all files public in bulk action

use this code in shell command

gsutil acl ch -r -u AllUsers:R gs://bucket-name

Testing the website

Verify that content is served from the bucket by requesting the domain name in a browser. You can do this with a path to an object or with just the domain name, if you set the MainPageSuffix property.

For example, if you have an object named test.html stored in a bucket named www.example.com, check that it’s accessible by going to www.example.com/test.html in your browser.

Here is a video but use cName instead of DNS

NAME:      www.example.com     

TYPE:      CNAME   

DATA:     c.storage.googleapis.com.

Resources:

cloud.google.com

Further Reading

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